Recent Revisions to This Document

About This Guide

VISA Platform Connect: Specifications and Conditions for Resellers/Partners

Introduction to Payments
- Financial Institutions and Payment Networks
  - Merchant Financial Institutions (Acquirers)
  - Issuing (Customer) Financial Institutions
  - Payment Networks
  - Payment Processors
- Card Types
  - Co-Badged Cards
  - Co-Branded Cards
  - Credit Cards
  - Debit Cards
  - Prepaid Cards
  - Private Label Cards
  - Quasi-Cash
- Transaction Types
  - Card-Not-Present Transactions
  - Card-Present Transactions
  - Authorizations with Card Verification Numbers
    - CVN Locations and Terminology
    - International Transactions
      - Dynamic Currency Conversion
      - Merchant Remittance Funding
  - Token Management Service
- Payment Services
  - Authorizations
    - payments-intro-processing-auth-micropayment
    - Online Authorizations
    - Offline Authorizations
    - Incremental Authorizations
      - Example: Incremental Authorization
    - Payment Network Token Authorizations
    - Authorization Workflow
  - Authorization Reversals
  - Captures
    - Capture Workflow
  - Credits
    - Credit Workflow
  - Capture or Credit Voids
  - Sales
    - Dual Message Processing
      - Partial Authorizations
    - Single Message Processing
- Payment Features
  - Card-Present Authorizations
  - Debit and Prepaid Card Payments
  - Airline Data
    - Cybersource Airline Data Processing
    - Airline Travel Legs
    - Airline Data Reference Information
      - Airline Document Type Codes
      - Ancillary Service Category Codes
  - Interchange Optimization
  - Japanese Payment Options
  - Level II and Level III Data
  - Mastercard Bill Payments
  - Mastercard Expert Monitoring Solutions
  - Merchant-Initiated Authorization Reversals
  - Merchant-Initiated Capture Voids
  - Merchant-Initiated Credit Voids
  - Payer Authentication
  - Split Shipments
  - Stored Credentials
  - Token Management Service

Standard Payments Processing
- Basic Authorizations
  - Declined Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Processing a Basic Authorization
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing a Basic Authorization
  - REST Interactive Example: Processing a Basic Authorization
  - REST Example: Processing a Basic Authorization
- Authorizations with Line Items
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Line Items
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Line Items
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Line Items
- Authorizations with Payment Network Tokens
  - Supported Processors and Card Types
  - Required Fields for Authorizations with Payment Network Tokens
  - Optional Fields for Authorizations with Payment Network Tokens
  - REST Example: Authorizations with Payment Network Tokens
- Authorizations with a Card Verification Number
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with a Card Verification Number
  - Optional Fields for Processing an Authorization with a Card Verification Number
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with a Card Verification Number
- Authorizations with the DCC Gateway Service
  - Required Fields for Processing DCC Authorizations
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing a DCC Authorization
  - REST Example: Processing a DCC Authorization
- Authorizations with Strong Customer Authentication Exemption
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with an SCA Exemption
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with an SCA Exemption for Low-Value Transactions
- Zero Amount Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Processing a Zero Amount Authorization
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing a Zero Amount Authorization
  - REST Example: Processing a Zero Amount Authorization
- Incremental Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Processing an Incremental Authorization
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing an Incremental Authorization
  - Optional Field for Processing an Incremental Authorization
  - REST Example: Processing an Incremental Authorization
- Authorization Reversal
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization Reversal
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization Reversal
- Capture
  - Required Fields for Capturing an Authorization
  - REST Example: Capturing an Authorization
- Multiple Captures
  - Required Fields for Processing Multiple Captures
  - REST Example: Processing Multiple Partial Captures
- Refunds
  - Required Fields for Processing a Refund
  - REST Interactive Example: Processing a Refund
  - REST Example: Processing a Refund
- Credit
  - Required Fields for Processing a Credit
  - REST Interactive Example: Processing a Credit
  - REST Example: Processing a Credit
- Sales
  - Required Fields for Processing a Sale
  - REST Example: Processing a Sale
- Void
  - Required Fields for Processing a Void
  - REST Example: Processing a Void

Card Present Connect | Retail Processing
- Authorization with Contact EMV and Online PIN
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV and Online PIN
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV or Contactless PIN
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV and Online PIN
- Authorization with Contact EMV and Offline PIN
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV and Offline PIN
    - Country-Specific Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV or Contactless PIN
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Contact EMV and Offline PIN
- Authorization with Contactless EMV and Online PIN
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Contactless EMV and Online PIN
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Contactless EMV and Online PIN
- Authorizations with Magnetic Stripe Swipes
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Swiped Track Data
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Swiped Track Data
- Authorizations with Hand-Keyed Data
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Hand Keyed Data
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization with Hand Keyed Data
- Card-Present Authorizations for Cash Advances with Credit Cards
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization for a Cash Advance
  - Optional Fields for Processing an Authorization for a Cash Advance
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization for a Cash Advance
  - Response Codes from an Authorization for a Cash Advance
- Capture
  - Required Fields for Capturing an Authorization
  - Capturing an Authorization Using REST APIs
  - REST Example: Capturing an Authorization

Card Present Connect | Mass Transit Processing
- Card Present Connect | Mass Transit Developer Guide
- Performing a Discover Authorization with EMV Data
  - Example: Performing a Discover Authorization with EMV Data
- Mass Transit Mastercard Authorization with EMV Data
  - Required Fields for a Mastercard Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Required Fields for a Mastercard Authorization with EMV Data in Europe Using the REST API
  - Performing a Mastercard Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Mastercard Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Visa Account Verification Request (AVR) with EMV Data
  - Required Fields for a Visa AVR Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Performing a Visa AVR Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Visa AVR Authorization with EMV Data Using the REST API
- Performing a Discover Sale with EMV Data
  - Example: Performing a Discover Sale with EMV Data
- Mass Transit Visa Deferred Sale with EMV Data
  - Required Fields for a Visa Deferred Sale with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Performing a Visa Deferred Sale with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Visa Deferred Sale with EMV Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Authorizations for a Tap-Initiated Debt Recovery with EMV Data
  - Required Fields for a Tap-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Required Fields for a Tap-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with EMV Data for Mastercard in Europe Using the REST API
  - Performing a Tap-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Tap-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Merchant-Initiated Authorizations for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data
  - Required Fields for a Merchant-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
  - Required Fields for a Merchant-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data for Mastercard in Europe Using the REST API
  - Performing a Merchant-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Merchant-Initiated Authorization for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Tap-Initiated Sales for Debt Recovery with EMV Data
  - Required Fields for a Tap-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Required Fields for a Tap-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with EMV Data for Mastercard in Europe Using the REST API
  - Performing a Tap-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Tap-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with EMV Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Merchant-Initiated Sales for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data
  - Required Fields for a Merchant-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
  - Required Fields for a Merchant-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data in Europe Using the REST API
  - Performing a Merchant-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Merchant-Initiated Sale for Debt Recovery with Stored Card Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Stand-Alone Credits with Card Data
  - Required Fields for a Stand-Alone Credit with Card Data Using the REST API
  - Performing a Stand-Alone Credit with Card Data Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Stand-Alone Credit with Card Data Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Captures
  - Required Fields for a Mass Transit Capture Using the REST API
  - Capturing a Mass Transit Authorization Using the REST API
  - Example: Capturing a Mass Transit Authorization Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Authorization Reversals
  - Required Fields for a Mass Transit Authorization Reversal Using the REST API
  - Reversing a Mass Transit Authorization Using the REST API
  - Example: Reversing a Mass Transit Authorization Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Timeout Reversal
  - Required Fields for a Timeout Reversal Using the REST API
  - Performing a Timeout Reversal Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Timeout Reversal Using the REST API
- Mass Transit Timeout Voids
  - Required Field for a Timeout Void Using the REST API
  - Performing a Timeout Void Using the REST API
  - Example: Performing a Timeout Void Using the REST API

Debit and Prepaid Card Processing
- Processing Debit and Prepaid Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Processing Debit and Prepaid Authorizations
    - Country Specific Required Fields to Process Debit and Prepaid Authorizations
  - Optional Field for Processing Debit and Prepaid Authorizations
  - REST Example: Processing Debit and Prepaid Authorizations
- Enabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Enabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - Optional Field for Enabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - REST Example: Enabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
- Disabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - Required Field for Disabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - Optional Field for Disabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations
  - REST Example: Disabling Debit and Prepaid Partial Authorizations

Airline Data Processing
- Visa Platform Connect Airline Authorizations
  - Required Fields for Authorizing an Airline Payment
  - REST Example: Authorizing an Airline Payment
- Visa Platform Connect Airline Captures for Ticket Purchases
  - Required Fields for Capturing an Airline Payment
    - Card-Specific Field to Capture an Airline Payment
  - Optional Fields for Capturing an Airline Payment
  - REST Example: Capturing an Airline Payment
- Visa Platform Connect Airline Captures for Ancillary Purchases
  - Required Fields for Capturing an Authorization for Ancillary Purchases
  - Ancillary Fields for Capturing an Authorization for an Ancillary Purchase
  - REST Example: Capturing an Authorization for an Ancillary Purchase
- Visa Platform Connect Airline Refunds
  - Required Fields for Processing an Airline Refund
  - Optional Fields for Processing an Airline Refund
  - REST Example: Processing an Airline Refund
- Visa Platform Connect Airline Credits
  - Required Fields for Processing an Airline Credit
  - Optional Fields for Processing an Airline Credit
  - REST Example: Processing an Airline Credit

Japanese Payment Options Processing
- Authorize a Single Payment with Japanese Payment Options
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Single Payment Using the JPO Method
  - REST Example: Authorizing a JPO Single Payment
- Authorize a Bonus Payment with Japanese Payment Options
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a JPO Bonus Payment
  - REST Example: Authorizing a JPO Bonus Payment
- Authorize an Installment Payment with Japanese Payment Options
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a JPO Installment Payment
  - REST Example: Authorizing a JPO Installment Payment
- Authorize a Revolving Payment with Japanese Payment Options
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Revolving Payment Using the JPO Method
  - REST Example: Authorizing a JPO Revolving Payment
- Authorize a Combination Payment with Japanese Payment Options
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Combination Payment Using the JPO Method
  - REST Example: Authorizing a JPO Combination Payment

Level II Processing
- Captures with Level II Data
  - Required Fields for Capturing a Payment with Level II Data
  - Optional Fields for Capturing a Payment with Level II Data
  - REST Example: Capturing a Payment with Level II Data
- Credits with Level II Data
  - Required Fields for Processing a Credit with Level II Data
  - Optional Fields for Processing a Credit with Level II Data
  - REST Example: Processing a Credit with Level II Data
- Sales with Level II Data
  - Required Fields for Processing a Sale with Level II Data
  - Optional Fields for Processing a Sale with Level II Data
  - REST Example: Processing a Sale with Level II Data

Level III Processing
- Captures with Level III Data
  - Required Fields for Capturing a Payment with Level III Data
  - Optional Fields for Capturing a Payment with Level III Data
  - REST Example: Capturing a Payment with Level III Data
- Credits with Level III Data
  - Required Fields for Processing a Credit with Level III Data
  - Optional Fields for Processing a Credit with Level III Data
  - REST Example: Processing a Credit with Level III Data
- Sales with Level III Data
  - Required Fields for Processing a Sale with Level III Data
  - Optional Fields for Processing a Sale with Level III Data
  - REST Example: Processing a Sale with Level III Data

Mastercard Bill Payment Processing
- Required Fields for Authorizing a Mastercard Bill Payment
- REST Example: Authorizing a Mastercard Bill Payment

Mastercard Expert Monitoring Solutions Processing
- Required Fields for Processing an Authorization with Mastercard Expert Monitoring Solutions
- Response Field for Authorizations with Mastercard Expert Monitoring Solutions
- REST Example: Obtaining the Mastercard Fraud Score for an Authorization

Merchant-Initiated Authorization Reversals
- Required Fields for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Authorization Reversal
- REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Authorization Reversal

Merchant-Initiated Capture Voids
- Required Fields for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Capture Void
- REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Capture Void

Merchant-Initiated Credit Voids
- Required Fields for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Credit Void
- REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Credit Void

Payer Authentication Processing
- Providing Payer Authentication Information for Authorization
- American Express SafeKey
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization Using American Express SafeKey
  - Optional Field for Processing an Authorization Using American Express SafeKey
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization Using American Express SafeKey
- JCB J/Secure
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization Using JCB J/Secure Authentication
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization Using JCB J/Secure Authentication
- Mastercard Identity Check
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization Using Mastercard Identity Check
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization Using Mastercard Identity Check
- Visa Secure
  - Required Fields for Processing an Authorization Using Visa Secure
  - REST Example: Processing an Authorization Using Visa Secure

Split Shipments Processing
- Authorizing a Sale for a Product Not Yet Available
- Processing Two Authorizations and a Capture for Multiple Products
- Processing an Authorization and Two Captures for Multiple Products

Processing Payments Using Credentials
- Customer-Initiated Transactions with Credentials on File
  - Storing Customer Credentials with a Customer-Initiated Transaction
    - Required Fields for Storing Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
    - REST Example: Storing Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
  - Using Stored Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
    - Required Fields for Retrieving Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
      - Card-Specific Required Field for Retrieving Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
    - REST Example: Retrieving Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
- Merchant-Initiated Delayed Transaction
  - Required Fields for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Delayed Transaction
    - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
  - REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Delayed Authorization Transaction
- Merchant-Initiated Incremental Transaction
  - Required Fields for Processing Merchant-Initiated Incremental Transactions
    - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
  - REST Example: Processing Merchant-Initiated Incremental Transactions
- Merchant-Initiated No-Show Transactions
  - Required Fields for Processing Merchant-Initiated No-Show Charges
    - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
  - Optional Field for Processing Merchant-Initiated No-Show Charges
  - REST Example: Processing Merchant-Initiated No-Show Transactions
- Merchant-Initiated Reauthorization Transactions
  - Required Fields for Processing Merchant-Initiated Reauthorized Transactions
    - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
  - REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Reauthorized Transaction
- Merchant-Initiated Resubmission Transaction
  - Required Fields for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Resubmitted Transaction
    - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
  - REST Example: Processing a Merchant-Initiated Resubmitted Transaction
- Installment Payments
  - Initial Customer-Initiated Installment Payments with a PAN
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Customer-Initiated Initial Installment Payments with a PAN
    - REST Example: Authorizing Initial Customer-Initiated Installment Payments with a PAN
  - Merchant-Initiated Subsequent Installment Payments
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Merchant-Initiated Subsequent Installment Payments
      - Card-Specific Required Field for Retrieving Customer Credentials During a Customer-Initiated Transaction
      - India-Specific Required Fields for Installment Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Merchant-Initiated Subsequent Installment Payments
  - Installments for Installment Payments
- Recurring Payments
  - Recurring Billing for Recurring Payments
  - Initial CIT Recurring Payment with a PAN
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Initial Recurring Payments Using REST API
    - REST Example: Authorizing an Initial CIT Recurring Payment with a PAN
  - Initial CIT Recurring Payment with an Instrument Identifier
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Initial Recurring Payments with an Instrument Identifier
    - REST Example: Authorizing an Initial Recurring Payment with an Instrument Identifier
  - Initial CIT Recurring Payment with a Customer ID
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Initial Recurring Payments with a Customer ID
    - REST Example: Authorizing an Initial Recurring Payments with a Customer ID
  - Subsequent MIT Recurring Payments
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
      - Card-Specific Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
      - Country-Specific Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
  - Subsequent MIT Recurring Payments with an Instrument Identifier
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments with Instrument Identifier
      - Card-Specific Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments with an Instrument Identifier
  - Subsequent MIT Recurring Payments with a Customer ID
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments with a Customer ID
      - Card-Specific Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments with a Customer ID
- Mastercard Standing Order Payments
  - Mastercard Initial CIT Standing Order Payment
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Initial CIT Standing Order Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Initial CIT Standing Order Payments
- Mastercard Subscription Payments
  - Mastercard CIT Initial Subscription Payment
    - Required Fields for Authorizing CIT Initial Subscription Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Initial CIT Subscription Payments
- Unscheduled COF Payments
  - Initial CIT Unscheduled COF Payment
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Initial CIT Unscheduled COF Payments
    - REST Example: Authorizing Initial CIT Unscheduled COF Payments
  - Subsequent MIT Unscheduled COF Payments
    - Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent MIT Unscheduled COF Payments
      - Card-Specific Required Field for Processing a Merchant-Initiated Transactions
      - Country-Specific Required Fields for Authorizing Subsequent Recurring Payments
    - credentials-mit-unsched-optfields
    - REST Example: Authorizing Subsequent MIT Unscheduled COF Payments

Token Management Service Processing
- Authorize a Payment with a Customer Token
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with a Customer Token
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with a Customer Token
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment Using a Customer Token Linked to a Network Token
- Authorize a Payment with a Non-Default Shipping Address
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with a Non-Default Shipping Address
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with a Non-Default Shipping Address
- Authorize a Payment with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - Optional Fields for Authorizing a Payment with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with Non-Default Payment Instrument
- Authorize a Payment with a Payment Instrument
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with a Payment Instrument
  - Optional Fields for Authorizing a Payment with a Payment Instrument
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with a Payment Instrument
- Authorize a Payment with an Instrument Identifier
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with an Instrument Identifier
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with an Instrument Identifier
  - REST Interactive Example: Authorizing a Payment with an Instrument Identifier
- Authorize a Payment with Legacy Token
  - Required Fields for Authorizing a Payment with Legacy Token
  - REST Example: Authorizing a Payment with Legacy Token
  - REST Interactive Example: Authorizing a Payment with a Legacy Token
- Make a Credit with a Customer Token
  - Required Fields for Making a Credit with a Customer Token
  - REST Example: Making a Credit with a Customer Token
- Make a Credit with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - Required Fields for Making a Credit with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - Optional Fields for Making a Credit with Non-Default Payment Instrument
  - REST Example: Making a Credit with Non-Default Payment Instrument
- Make a Credit with a Payment Instrument
  - Required Fields for Making a Credit with a Payment Instrument
  - REST Example: Making a Credit with a Payment Instrument
- Make a Credit with an Instrument Identifier
  - Required Fields for Making a Credit with an Instrument Identifier
  - REST Example: Making a Credit with an Instrument Identifier
  - REST Interactive Example: Making a Credit with an Instrument Identifier
- Make a Credit with Legacy Token
  - Required Fields for Making a Credit with Legacy Token
  - REST Example: Making a Credit with Legacy Token

On This Page

Example

The customer reserves a hotel room for two nights at a cost of 200.00 per night. You request an authorization for 400.00. The authorization request is approved.

The customer orders dinner through room service the first night. You request an incremental authorization of 50.00 for the dinner.

The customer decides to stay an extra night. You request an incremental authorization of 200.00 for the additional night.

The customer uses items from the mini-bar. The cost of the mini-bar items is 50.00. You request an incremental authorization of 50.00.

When the customer checks out, they sign a receipt for 700.00, which is the total of all costs incurred.

You request a capture for 700.00.